![]() Such a transition will reorient the armed forces away from the practices which have led to human rights abuses, widen its skill set, and guarantee it a post-conflict role. This doctrine presents a solution to reoccurring violence and an opportunity to consolidate the nation’s peace while transitioning its armed forces toward peacetime. The Colombian military even has its own “developmentalist” doctrine, “ integral action,” which dates back to the earliest years of the Colombian conflict. These commanders have advocated for non-violent methods to end the conflict, arguing for education, healthcare, and even rural land reform to end reoccurring conflict. These individuals are preceded by a long history of commanders who proposed robust state development, rather than armed operations, as the solution to Colombia’s reoccurring security woes. However, it is equally true that high-ranking leaders in the military have supported the peace process. Inarguably, it is true that military personnel have been implicated in severe human rights abuses since the conflict’s beginning in the 1960s. The role of the Colombian military in the post-conflict era has been the subject of much discussion. The order so alarmed military officers that they reported it to the media, forcing Duque’s government to reverse its decision. In 2019, for instance, the Duque government authorized a new “ kill order.” The order was reminiscent of that which preceded the 2008 false positives scandal, when armed forces personnel murdered upwards of 3,000 Colombian citizens and reported them, falsely, as FARC combatants so they could receive bonuses. ![]() His government has challenged key aspects of the deal and made troubling decisions which contradict his claims that he is supportive of the peace process. While President Ivan Duque should be credited with progress on 34 percent of the deal’s provisions, 69 percent of the agreement remains unfulfilled. But nearly four years after the 2016 signing of Colombia’s peace deal with the FARC, the agreement remains unrealized in many parts of the country. ![]()
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